Of the 29 articles included in the present review, 16 articles were collected from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database. report an increase in fatal traffic accidents following the legalization of recreational cannabis in the states of Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington compared to 20 states that had not legalized either medical or recreational cannabis. Likewise, they also observed a 111% increase in the number of fatal traffic accidents where cannabis was involved in 2014 versus the 4 years prior to legalization. Regarding the consequences brought by the legalization of recreational cannabis, according to Roffman, the number of drivers driving under the influence of cannabis increased after its legalization in Washington, from 22.2% of cases to 32.7%. indicate that cannabis use predicts risky behavior in fatal traffic crashes, despite alcohol remaining a better predictor. conducted an extensive meta-analysis in which they concluded that cannabis use by drivers is associated with a significant increase in the risk of being involved in a traffic accident. Regarding traffic and driving, Hartman and Huestis point out that recent THC consumption of between 2 to 5 nG/mL in the blood is associated with the inability to drive a vehicle. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the legalization of medical and/or recreational cannabis has negative effects on road safety when considering the number of jobs that affect the number of fatalities. In addition, nine articles indicate a greater number of risk behaviors related to driving after consumption, identifying young, male, and alcohol consumption together with cannabis as the risk profile. Results: The results show that in 15 papers, there is a relationship between the legalization of medical and/or recreational cannabis and the number of traffic accidents, while in 5 papers, no such relationship is observed. The number of papers included in the review was 29. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) declaration of the articles included in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The present study aimed to assess the impact of cannabis legalization on traffic accidents. Background: Legalizing medical and recreational cannabis and decriminalizing this substance may have unanticipated effects on traffic safety.
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